2% of the millions of knee replacements each year result in untreatable infections due to the bacteria protecting themselves with an impenetrable biofilm. Israel’s Dimoveo Medical has developed a process using nanoparticles to “sandblast” the biofilm and allow antibiotics to kill the bacteria.
https://nocamels.com/2024/09/nanoparticles-sandblast-hard-to-handle-bacteria-from-joint-implants/